Java框架篇：Spring+SpringMVC+hibernate整合开发

前言：

最近没什么事做，搭个框架写成博客记录下来，拉通一下之前所学知识.

话不多说，我们直接步入正题。

准备工作：

　 1/安装并配置java运行环境

　 2/数据库的安装配置（Mysql）

　 3/安装并配置服务器(Tomcat)

　 4/Maven

　 5/ IntelliJIDEA的安装配置（本人使用的主要软件是IntelliJIDEA,没用eclipse什么的）

　 6/ 使用IntelliJIDEA创建一个web app项目。

貌似就这些了吧

导包

不同于以往的导包，由于我们创建的是maven的webapp项目，所以现在只需配置下pomxml这个配置文件，系统会自动到maven的中央仓库去下载相应的包.

本人的pom.xml配置文件如下（都写有说明的哈）：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 <groupId>XRog</groupId>
 <artifactId>ssh</artifactId>
 <packaging>war</packaging>
 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 <name>ssh Maven Webapp</name>
 <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
 <!-- 本人将配置包的版本信息都统一放入此处，方便以后管理-->
 <properties>
 <springVersion>4.3.1.RELEASE</springVersion>
 <hibernateVersion>4.3.5.Final</hibernateVersion>
 <jstlVersion>1.2</jstlVersion>
 <taglibVersion>1.1.2</taglibVersion>
 <servletVersion>3.0-alpha-1</servletVersion>
 <jsonVersion>1.9.13</jsonVersion>
 <jacksonVersion>2.5.0</jacksonVersion>
 <mysqlVersion>6.0.3</mysqlVersion>
 <c3p0Version>0.9.1.2</c3p0Version>
 <log4jVersion>1.2.17</log4jVersion>
 <fileuploadVersion>1.3.1</fileuploadVersion>
 <lombokVersion>1.16.10</lombokVersion>
 </properties>
 <dependencies>
 <!-- 单元测试 -->
 <dependency>
 <groupId>junit</groupId>
 <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
 <version>3.8.1</version>
 <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>
 <!-- spring-->
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
 <version>${springVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
 <version>${springVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
 <version>${springVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
 <version>${springVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- spring web + spring MVC-->
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
 <version>${springVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
 <version>${springVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- hibernate配置-->
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
 <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
 <version>${hibernateVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- hibernate 缓存, 视情况添加-->
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
 <artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
 <version>${hibernateVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- jsp页面使用的jstl支持-->
 <dependency>
 <groupId>jstl</groupId>
 <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
 <version>${jstlVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
 <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
 <version>${taglibVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
 <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
 <version>${servletVersion}</version>
 <scope>provided</scope>
 </dependency>
 <!-- DataBase数据库连接 mysql包-->
 <dependency>
 <groupId>mysql</groupId>
 <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
 <version>${mysqlVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- 数据库连接池-->
 <dependency>
 <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
 <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
 <version>${c3p0Version}</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- json数据 使springMVC可以返回json值 ,视情况添加-->
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
 <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
 <version>${jsonVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- Jackson可以轻松的将Java对象转换成json对象和xml文档,同样也可以将json、xml转换成Java对象-->
 <dependency>
 <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
 <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
 <version>${jacksonVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
 <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
 <version>${jacksonVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
 <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
 <version>${jacksonVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- log4j配置, 视情况添加-->
 <dependency>
 <groupId>log4j</groupId>
 <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
 <version>${log4jVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <!--文件 上传-->
 <dependency>
 <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
 <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
 <version>${fileuploadVersion}</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- lombok插件导包-->
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
 <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
 <version>${lombokVersion}</version>
 <scope>provided</scope>
 </dependency>
 </dependencies>
 <build>
 <finalName>ssh</finalName>
 </build>
</project>

OK，配置后运行下maven,就会自动向中央仓库下载相应的包啦！（这个就不多说了）。

SpringMVC配置

我现在在这里把我配置后的结构拿出来给你们看下

 

我们先配置下SpringMVC的配置：resources/META-INF/spring-mvc.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
 <!-- 启动注解驱动的spring MVC功能,注册请求url和注解POJO类方法的映射-->
 <mvc:annotation-driven />
 <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析,在请求时模型视图名称添加前后缀 -->
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.ssh" />
 <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
 <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
 <property name="prefix" value="views/" /> <!-- 前缀 -->
 <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> <!-- 后缀 -->
 </bean>
 <!--这里是对静态资源的映射-->
 <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/resources/js/" />
 <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/resources/css/" />
 <mvc:resources mapping="/img/**" location="/resources/img/" />
</beans>

 好了，我们现在修改下web.xml这个配置文件，完善下SpringMVC的配置， web.xml配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
 version="3.0">
 <!-- 地址为http://localhost:8080/ 显示的默认网页-->
 <welcome-file-list>
 <welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>
 </welcome-file-list>
 <!-- spring MVC config start-->
 <servlet>
 <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 <init-param>
 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
 <!-- 此处指向的的是SpringMVC的配置文件 -->
 <param-value>classpath:META-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
 </init-param>
 <!--配置容器在启动的时候就加载这个servlet并实例化-->
 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
 <!-- spring MVC config end-->
</web-app>

OK，SpringMVC配置完成，现在我们进行一下测试吧

在controller层新建一个MainController，内容如下

package com.ssh.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
/**
 * Created by XRog
 * On 2/1/2017.12:36 AM
 */
@Controller
public class MainController {

 @RequestMapping(value = "test", method = RequestMethod.GET)
 public String test(){
// 实际返回的是views/test.jsp ,spring-mvc.xml中配置过前后缀
 return "test";
 }
}

test.jsp网页如下：

<html>
<body>
<center>
<h2 style="color: #ff261a;">this is my test page!</h2>
</center>
</body>
</html>

重启Tomcat服务器， 然后浏览器访问http://localhost/test如下图所示：

 

PS： Tomcat默认端口是8080，我更改了端口号，如若你们为更改，正确的访问地址是localhost：8080/test

OK，成功访问。

SpringMVC+Spring整合

 这个就十分简单了， 配置applicationContext.xml这个Spring的配置文件如下：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
 <!-- 自动扫描 -->
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.ssh">
 <!-- 扫描时跳过 @Controller 注解的JAVA类（控制器） -->
 <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
 </context:component-scan>
</beans>

完善web.xml配置文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
 version="3.0">
 <!-- 地址为http://localhost:8080/ 显示的默认网页-->
 <welcome-file-list>
 <welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>
 </welcome-file-list>
 <!--加载Spring的配置文件到上下文中去-->
 <context-param>
 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
 <param-value>
 classpath:META-INF/applicationContext.xml
 </param-value>
 </context-param>
 <!-- spring MVC config start-->
 <servlet>
 <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 <init-param>
 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
 <!-- 此处指向的的是SpringMVC的配置文件 -->
 <param-value>classpath:META-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
 </init-param>
 <!--配置容器在启动的时候就加载这个servlet并实例化-->
 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
 <!-- spring MVC config end-->
 <!-- Spring监听器 -->
 <listener>
 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
 </listener>
 <!-- 字符集过滤 -->
 <filter>
 <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
 <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
 <init-param>
 <param-name>encoding</param-name>
 <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
 </init-param>
 <init-param>
 <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
 <param-value>true</param-value>
 </init-param>
 </filter>
 <filter-mapping>
 <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

web.xml配置文件中更改了三处：引入Spring配置文件 Spring的监听器  以及 字符集过滤

OK，Spring+SpringMVC配置完成，下面我们开始测试：

在service写一个TestServiceImpl实现TestService接口并实现其test()方法， 代码如下：

package com.ssh.service.impl;
import com.ssh.service.TestService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
 * Created by XRog
 * On 2/1/2017.12:58 AM
 */
@Service
public class TestServiceImpl implements TestService {
 public String test() {
 return "test";
 }
}

PS:这里注意写@Service注解

MainController控制器更改如下：

package com.ssh.controller;
import com.ssh.service.TestService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

/**
 * Created by XRog
 * On 2/1/2017.12:36 AM
 */
@Controller
public class MainController {
 @Autowired
 private TestService testService;
 @RequestMapping(value = "test", method = RequestMethod.GET)
 public String test(){
// 实际返回的是views/test.jsp ,spring-mvc.xml中配置过前后缀
 return "test";
 }
 @RequestMapping(value = "springtest", method = RequestMethod.GET)
 public String springTest(){
 return testService.test();
 }
}

控制器这里我们运用了Spring的依赖注入自动装配。

在浏览器中输入地址http://localhost/springtest调用springtest方法    

 

yes，成功返回，说明我们之前的配置没问题

Spring+SpringMVC+hibernate整合

好了，现在就缺hibernate这个框架了。。 我先给大家看些我搭建好之后的结构图吧

 

我们想来编写config.properties这个配置文件，里面存放的是hibernate的一些配置

#database connection config
jdbc.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://?????:3306/ssh?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
jdbc.username = root
jdbc.password = ???
#hibernate config
hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
hibernate.show_sql = true
hibernate.format_sql = true
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto = update

这里连接数据库的参数由于我是连接我晚上的数据库，因此我数据库地址和密码打了“？？？”,你们连接时改成自己本地的就OK了

下面配置hibernate，这里我为了方便，就直接写进applicationContext.xml里面。配置后的applicationContext.xml如下：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
 <!--********************************************配置Spring***************************************-->
 <!-- 自动扫描 -->
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.ssh">
 <!-- 扫描时跳过 @Controller 注解的JAVA类（控制器） -->
 <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
 </context:component-scan>
 <!--********************************************配置hibernate********************************************-->
 <!--扫描配置文件(这里指向的是之前配置的那个config.properties)-->
 <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:/config.properties" />
 <!--配置数据源-->
 <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">
 <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" /> <!--数据库连接驱动-->
 <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <!--数据库地址-->
 <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" /> <!--用户名-->
 <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> <!--密码-->
 <property name="maxPoolSize" value="40" /> <!--最大连接数-->
 <property name="minPoolSize" value="1" /> <!--最小连接数-->
 <property name="initialPoolSize" value="10" /> <!--初始化连接池内的数据库连接-->
 <property name="maxIdleTime" value="20" /> <!--最大空闲时间-->
 </bean>
 <!--配置session工厂-->
 <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
 <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
 <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.ssh.entity" />
 <property name="hibernateProperties">
 <props>
 <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop> <!--hibernate根据实体自动生成数据库表-->
 <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop> <!--指定数据库方言-->
 <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop> <!--在控制台显示执行的数据库操作语句-->
 <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${hibernate.format_sql}</prop> <!--在控制台显示执行的数据哭操作语句（格式）-->
 </props>
 </property>
 </bean>
 <!-- 事物管理器配置 -->
 <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
 </bean>
</beans>

OK，到了这里，配置结束。下面进入测试阶段

实体类（entity)：

package com.ssh.entity;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 * Created by XRog
 * On 2/2/2017.2:03 PM
 */
@Data
@Entity
@Table(name = "Person")
public class Person {
 @Id
 @GeneratedValue
 private Long id;
 @Column(name = "created")
 private Long created = System.currentTimeMillis();
 @Column(name = "username")
 private String username;
 @Column(name = "address")
 private String address;
 @Column(name = "phone")
 private String phone;
 @Column(name = "remark")
 private String remark;
}

PS：我这里用了一个@Data注解，此注解会自动生成get方法，set方法，toString方法等一系列方法，功能十分强大，不过需要安装插件以及导包， 有兴趣的可以百度下

当然，你也可以手动编写get/set/构造方法。

数据库访问层（repository）:

package com.ssh.repository;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
/**
 * Created by XRog
 * On 2/2/2017.2:28 PM
 */
public interface DomainRepository<T,PK extends Serializable>{
 T load(PK id);
 T get(PK id);
 List<T> findAll();
 void persist(T entity);
 PK save(T entity);
 void saveOrUpdate(T entity);
 void delete(PK id);
 void flush();
}

package com.ssh.repository;
import com.ssh.entity.Person;
/**
 * Created by XRog
 * On 2/2/2017.2:25 PM
 */
public interface PersonRepository extends DomainRepository<Person,Long> {
}

package com.ssh.repository.impl;
import com.ssh.repository.PersonRepository;
import com.ssh.entity.Person;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
/**
 * Created by XRog
 * On 2/2/2017.2:30 PM
 */
@Repository
public class PersonRepositoryImpl implements PersonRepository {
 @Autowired
 private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
 private Session getCurrentSession() {
 return this.sessionFactory.openSession();
 }
 public Person load(Long id) {
 return (Person)getCurrentSession().load(Person.class,id);
 }
 public Person get(Long id) {
 return (Person)getCurrentSession().get(Person.class,id);
 }
 public List<Person> findAll() {
 return null;
 }
 public void persist(Person entity) {
 getCurrentSession().persist(entity);
 }
 public Long save(Person entity) {
 return (Long)getCurrentSession().save(entity);
 }
 public void saveOrUpdate(Person entity) {
 getCurrentSession().saveOrUpdate(entity);
 }
 public void delete(Long id) {
 Person person = load(id);
 getCurrentSession().delete(person);
 }
 public void flush() {
 getCurrentSession().flush();
 }
}

PS:我这里显示写了一个比较通用的接口，其他所有接口皆继承此接口， 再编写实现类

注意：我这里写的session产生是调用的SessionFactory的openSession（）这个方法。之前使用getCurrentSession()一直报错，后来百度了一下才知道，hibernate3版本可以使用getCurrentSession()来创建session，而hibernate4版本则不行。

服务层（service）:

package com.ssh.service;
import com.ssh.entity.Person;
/**
 * Created by XRog
 * On 2/2/2017.2:39 PM
 */
public interface PersonService {
 Long savePerson();
}

package com.ssh.service.impl;
import com.ssh.entity.Person;
import com.ssh.repository.PersonRepository;
import com.ssh.service.PersonService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
 * Created by XRog
 * On 2/2/2017.2:40 PM
 */
@Service
public class PersonServiceImpl implements PersonService {
 @Autowired
 private PersonRepository personRepository;
 public Long savePerson() {
 Person person = new Person();
 person.setUsername("XRog");
 person.setPhone("18381005946");
 person.setAddress("chenDu");
 person.setRemark("this is XRog");
 return personRepository.save(person);
 }
}

控制层（controller）:

package com.ssh.controller;
import com.ssh.entity.Person;
import com.ssh.service.PersonService;
import com.ssh.service.TestService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
/**
 * Created by XRog
 * On 2/1/2017.12:36 AM
 */
@Controller
public class MainController {
 @Autowired
 private PersonService personService;
 @RequestMapping(value = "savePerson", method = RequestMethod.GET)
 @ResponseBody
 public String savePerson(){
 personService.savePerson();
 return "success!";
 }
}

OK，编写完毕，我们重启下服务器然后测试：

我们在看下数据库，跟我们插入的数据对比下

OK，测试完毕，十分成功

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，同时也希望多多支持小牛知识库！