Linux(Ubuntu 18.04)上安装Anaconda步骤详解

Anaconda是最受欢迎的python数据科学和机器学习平台，用于大规模数据处理，预测分析和科学计算。Anaconda发行版附带了1,000多个数据包，conda命令行工具和Anaconda Navigator的桌面图形用户界面。

本教程将指导您完成在Ubuntu 18.04上下载和安装Anaconda Python Distribution。

下载Anaconda

在撰写本文时，Anaconda的最新稳定版本是5.3版本。

请选择 64-Bit (x86) Installer 进行下载链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1rNA9D8gaGHuIE0Ao_l5AQA 提取码: uecd  。尽量不要用python2.7，很多库已经不提供python2.7支持。

点击链接就会进行下载，同时会弹出信息收集框，直接关闭就好。

安装Anaconda

$ sudo sh Anaconda3-5.3.0-Linux-x86_64.sh 
[sudo] andrew 的密码： 
Welcome to Anaconda3 5.3.0
In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
Please, press ENTER to continue
>>> # 按下回车
... # 多次按空格读完license。
Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes # 输入yes
 - Press ENTER to confirm the location
 - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
 - Or specify a different location below
...
[/home/andrew/anaconda3] >>> /usr/local/anaconda3 # 输入自定义目录
... # 安装根据机器性能，通常需要持续几分钟。
# 讨论 钉钉群21745728 qq群144081101 567351477
# 本文地址：https://www.jianshu.com/p/9fe9ff999234
Do you wish to proceed with the installation of Microsoft VSCode? [yes|no] #选择no，一般来说自带的spyder和专业IDE wingIDE更好用。
...
Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3
in your /home/andrew/.bashrc ? [yes|no]
[no] >>> # 选择yes
Initializing Anaconda3 in /home/andrew/.bashrc
A backup will be made to: /home/andrew/.bashrc-anaconda3.bak
For this change to become active, you have to open a new terminal.
Thank you for installing Anaconda3!
===========================================================================
Anaconda is partnered with Microsoft! Microsoft VSCode is a streamlined
code editor with support for development operations like debugging, task
running and version control.
To install Visual Studio Code, you will need:
 - Administrator Privileges
 - Internet connectivity
Visual Studio Code License: https://code.visualstudio.com/license
Do you wish to proceed with the installation of Microsoft VSCode? [yes|no]
>>> no

添加“export PATH=/usr/local/anconda3/bin:$PATH“ 到/etc/profile，这样所有用户都可以使用Anaconda python3.7了。

上面的.bashrc在刚才安装时添加了如下内容：

# added by Anaconda3 5.3.0 installer
# >>> conda init >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$(CONDA_REPORT_ERRORS=false '/usr/local/anaconda3/bin/conda' shell.bash hook 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
 \eval "$__conda_setup"
else
 if [ -f "/usr/local/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
 . "/usr/local/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
 CONDA_CHANGEPS1=false conda activate base
 else
 \export PATH="/usr/local/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
 fi
fi
unset __conda_setup~/.bashrc
# <<< conda init <<<

验证安装

通过重新登陆或者执行'source ~/.bashrc"加载环境变量。

$ conda info
 active environment : base
 active env location : /usr/local/anaconda3
  shell level : 1
 user config file : /home/andrew/.condarc
 populated config files : 
  conda version : 4.5.11
 conda-build version : 3.15.1
  python version : 3.7.0.final.0
 base environment : /usr/local/anaconda3 (read only)
  channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64
    https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
    https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/linux-64
    https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/noarch
    https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/linux-64
    https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
    https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/linux-64
    https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/noarch
  package cache : /usr/local/anaconda3/pkgs
    /home/andrew/.conda/pkgs
 envs directories : /home/andrew/.conda/envs
    /usr/local/anaconda3/envs
  platform : linux-64
  user-agent : conda/4.5.11 requests/2.19.1 CPython/3.7.0 Linux/4.15.0-36-generic ubuntu/18.04 glibc/2.27
  UID:GID : 1000:1000
  netrc file : None
  offline mode : False
$ python
Python 3.7.0 (default, Jun 28 2018, 13:15:42) 
[GCC 7.2.0] :: Anaconda, Inc. on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

至此，已经安装完毕。

更新Anaconda

一般是有新版本发布时才需要使用。

$ conda update conda
$ conda update anaconda

删除Anaconda

一般是有新版本发布时才需要使用。

$sudo rm -rf /usr/local/anaconda3
删除上面~/.bashrc和/etc/profile的修改
清空隐藏文件： rm -rf ~/.condarc ~/.conda ~/.continuum

总结

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