教你如何静默安装ORACLE

由于本次的实验我是将上次的虚拟机直接拷贝过来，然后将里面图形化界面安装好了的oracle给删除，再次重新安装，所以这里要修改一些配置。

首先修改的是我们的IP地址

# system-config-network

完成后我们修改一下hosts文件，将里面的ip地址给修改一下

# vi /etc/hosts

接着我们删除上次安装过的ORACLE文件

# cd $ORACLE_BASE
# ls
# rm -rf *

进入root：rm -rf /etc/ora*
还是在安装前进行配置。
接下来进行静默安装。首先我们先要创建一个相应文件，这个文件里记录了我们oracle安装的所有过程

[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd /u01/database/response
$ cp enterprise.rsp /u01
$ vi /u01/enterprise.rsp

修改一下内容：

35 UNIX_GROUP_NAME=\"oinstall\"
 62 ORACLE_HOME=\"/u01/app/oracle/10.2.0/db_1\"
 70 ORACLE_HOME_NAME=\"OraDbHome1\"
 351 COMPONENT_LANGUAGES={\"en,zh_CN\"}
 384 s_nameForDBAGrp=\"dba\"
 392 s_nameForOPERGrp=\"oper\"
 422 n_configurationOption=3

开始安装：

[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd /u01/database
$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /u01/enterprise.rsp

安装完成后执行以下脚本

$ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
$ORACLE_HOME/root.sh

执行完脚本以后使用：sqlplus / as sysdba即可知道oracle的版本为：10.2.0.1.0
静默升级数据库

$ cp /u01/Disk1/response/patchset.rsp /u01
vi /u01/patchset.rsp编辑如下行：
  45 UNIX_GROUP_NAME=\"oinstall\"
  87 ORACLE_HOME=\"/u01/app/oracle/10.2.0/db_1\"
  99 ORACLE_HOME_NAME=\"OraDbHome1\"
  533 MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=\"zhaoming@sina.com\"
  542 MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=\"b\"
  603 DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

进行安装升级的补丁

$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /u01/patchset.rsp

升级成功

$ sqlplus / as sysdba;
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

 接下来进行手工建库

$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora
写入以下内容：
compatible=10.2.0.5
instance_name=orcl
db_name=orcl
sga_target=500M
sga_max_size=500M
job_queue_processes=10
undo_management=auto
undo_tablespace=undotbs
audit_file_dest=$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/adump
background_dump_dest=$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/bdump
core_dump_dest=$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/cdump
user_dump_dest=$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/udump
control_files=\'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl\',\'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl\'
保存退出

 创建跟踪目录：

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/{a,b,c,u}dump

创建控制文件的位置

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/

  启动到实例：

sqlplus / as sysdba
create spfile from pfile;
startup nomount

 接下来进行创建数据库
 vi createdb.sql写入如下内容：

CREATE DATABASE orcl
  USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY a  ---这里需要修改你的密码
  USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY a
  LOGFILE GROUP 1 (\'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log\') SIZE 50M,
      GROUP 2 (\'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log\') SIZE 50M,
      GROUP 3 (\'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log\') SIZE 50M
  MAXLOGFILES 5
  MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
  MAXLOGHISTORY 1
  MAXDATAFILES 100
  MAXINSTANCES 1
  CHARACTER SET utf8
  NATIONAL CHARACTER SET utf8
  DATAFILE \'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf\' SIZE 325M REUSE
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
  SYSAUX DATAFILE \'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf\' SIZE 325M REUSE
  DEFAULT TABLESPACE users datafile \'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf\' size 200M
  DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
   TEMPFILE \'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf\'
   SIZE 20M REUSE
  UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
   DATAFILE \'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf\'
   SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
/

 然后在sql中引用到这些脚本

sql> get /u01/create.sql  ---解释一下get的作用：就是引用操作系统目录下的任意一个文件引入到sql中来。
sql> .........
sql>/

-----执行完这些脚本语句之后就会在相应的位置产生控制文件、数据文件、日志文件等----
 接着执行

sql>desc dba_tables
ERROR:
ORA-04043: object dba_tables does not exist

----解释一下：这里查询的是数据字典，我们这里只不过建好了数据库，并没有将数据库相关的视图、表、索引、数据字典等建好。----
 所以我们呢要来建这些视图、表、索引了。

$ cd /u01
vi jb.sql写入如下内容：
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql ----catalog.sql：创建数据字典
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql  ----catproc.sql：安装ORACLE自定义的包
conn system/a
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql  ----pupbld.sql：屏蔽sqlplus错误

 接着在数据库中执行这段脚本：

sql>@/u01/jb.sql

---这里解释一下：@：可以执行操作系统下的某个脚本中sql语句

 紧接着就是漫长的等待，估计20多分钟吧。

 执行完成后，你会看到很多什么表啊视图什么的，does not exist。不用管他，这是创建数据字典时候先去查询这些表存不存在。当然不存在啊，因为都还没创建，所以自然会报错。

sql>desc dba_tables

 完了后这个时候就有内容了。

sql> select count(*) from dba_tables

 接下来我们进行OEM的安装，安装之前我们先将补丁给补上。补丁我们也是采用禁默安装。补丁：

p8350262_10205_Generic.zip

 将补丁上传到目录：$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/  解压缩：
$ unzip p8350262_10205_Generic.zip
 得到一个目录为：8350262
 打补丁：

$ emctl stop dbconsole
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
$ ./opatch apply 8350262

 补丁安装上去之后

$ lsnrctl status 显示: No Listener

 然后我们做：

$ cd /u01/database/response/
$ cp netca.rsp /u01
$ netca /silent /responseFile /u01/netca.rsp

 安装完监听器后我们进入sqlplus去将数据库注册到这个监听器上。

$ sqlplus / as sysdba;
sqlplus>alter system register

 监听器安装完成后我们进行安装资料库

SQL> select username from dba_users where username=\'SYSMAN\';
     no rows selected

 执行安装资料库命令：

$ emca -repos create 
STARTED EMCA at Mar 30, 2013 9:57:23 AM
EM Configuration Assistant, Version 10.2.0.1.0 Production
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter the following information:
Database SID: orcl
Listener port number: 1521
Password for SYS user: 
Password for SYSMAN user: 
Password for SYSMAN user: 
Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: Y
Mar 30, 2013 9:58:28 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform
INFO: This operation is being logged at /u01/app/oracle/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/emca/orcl/emca_2013-03-30_09-57-2-AM.log.
Mar 30, 2013 9:58:28 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository
INFO: Creating the EM repository (this may take a while) ...
Mar 30, 2013 10:00:42 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke
INFO: Repository successfully created
Enterprise Manager configuration completed successfully
FINISHED EMCA at Mar 30, 2013 10:00:42 AM

 资料库安装完成后我们进行安装控制台：

$ emca -config dbcontrol db
STARTED EMCA at Mar 30, 2013 10:01:47 AM
EM Configuration Assistant, Version 10.2.0.1.0 Production
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter the following information:
Database SID: orcl
Listener port number: 1521
Password for SYS user: 
Password for DBSNMP user: 
Password for SYSMAN user: 
Invalid username/password.
Password for SYSMAN user: 
Email address for notifications (optional): 
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications (optional): 
-----------------------------------------------------------------
You have specified the following settings
Database ORACLE_HOME ................ /u01/app/oracle/10.2.0/db_1
Database hostname ................ hndx
Listener port number ................ 1521
Database SID ................ orcl
Email address for notifications ............... 
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications ............... 
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: Y
Mar 30, 2013 10:02:42 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform
INFO: This operation is being logged at /u01/app/oracle/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/emca/orcl/emca_2013-03-30_10-01-4-AM.log.
Mar 30, 2013 10:02:48 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil startOMS
INFO: Starting Database Control (this may take a while) ...
Mar 30, 2013 10:04:24 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration
INFO: Database Control started successfully
Mar 30, 2013 10:04:24 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration
INFO: >>>>>>>>>>> The Database Control URL is http://hndx:1158/em <<<<<<<<<<<
Enterprise Manager configuration completed successfully
FINISHED EMCA at Mar 30, 2013 10:04:24 AM

 马上就大功告成了
$ firefox http://hndx:1158/em    --如果报错：用户名密码错误，请先创建口令文件：
 创建口令文件：

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl password=xxxxx---用户名自己定义

 是不是看到火狐浏览器的界面很亲切呢。这里估计还会有错误，就是要添加证书，进入后添加点击下面的添加就好了。