python获取全国城市pm2.5、臭氧等空气质量过程解析

随着国家发展，中国很多城市的空气质量其实并不好，国家气象局会有实时统计，但是要去写爬虫爬取是十分麻烦的事情，并且官方网站也会做一些反爬虫措施，所以实现起来比较麻烦，最好的办法就是使用现成的免费接口，空气质量指数分析，这里是笔者自己实现的一个python调用方式

代码如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# flake8: noqa
__author__ = 'wukong'

import urllib
from urllib import urlencode

#配置您申请的appKey和openId
app_key="***"
open_id="***"

"""
request_url 请求地址
params 请求参数
method 请求方法

"""
def request_content(request_url,params,method):
 params = urlencode(params)
 
 if method and method.lower() =="get":
  f = urllib.urlopen("%s?%s" % (request_url, params))
 else:
  f = urllib.urlopen(request_url, params)
 
 content = f.read()
 print content

 
def main():
 
 domain="http://api.xiaocongjisuan.com/";
 servlet="life/air/analysis"
 method="get"
 request_url=domain+servlet
 
 #字典
 params ={}
 params["appKey"]=app_key
 params["openId"]=open_id
 
 #变动部分
 params["city"]="成都"
 
 request_content(request_url,params,method)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 main()

java版的代码可以参考如下代码：

package com.xiaocongjisuan.module.example;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Application {
 
  public static final String DEF_CHATSET = "UTF-8";
  public static final int DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT = 30000;
  public static final int DEF_READ_TIMEOUT = 30000;
  public static String userAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.66 Safari/537.36";
  
  //配置您申请的appKey和openId
  public static final String APP_KEY ="yours";
  public static final String OPEN_ID ="yours";
  
  //将map型转为请求参数型
  public static String urlEncode(Map<String,Object> params) {
  
  if(params==null){return "";};
   
  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  for (Map.Entry<String,Object> i : params.entrySet()) {
   try {
    sb.append(i.getKey()).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(i.getValue()+"","UTF-8")).append("&");
   } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   }
  }
  String r=sb.toString();
  if(r.endsWith("&")){
   r = r.substring(0,r.length()-1);
  }
  return r;
  }
  
  /**
  *
  * @param requestUrl 请求地址
  * @param params 请求参数
  * @param method 请求方法
  * @return 请求结果
  * @throws Exception
  */
  public static String requestContent(String requestUrl, Map<String,Object> params,String method) throws Exception {
  
  HttpURLConnection conn = null;
  BufferedReader reader = null;
  String rs = null;
  try {

   //组装请求链接
   StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
   
   if(method!=null&&method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")){
    requestUrl = requestUrl+"?"+urlEncode(params);
   }

   //默认get
   URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
   conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
   conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
   
   if(method!=null&&method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")){
     conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
     conn.setDoOutput(true);
     conn.setDoInput(true);
   }

   //参数配置
   conn.setRequestProperty("User-agent", userAgent);
   conn.setUseCaches(false);
   conn.setConnectTimeout(DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT);
   conn.setReadTimeout(DEF_READ_TIMEOUT);
   conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
   conn.connect();
   
   if (params!= null && method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
    try {
     DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
     out.writeBytes(urlEncode(params));
    } catch (Exception e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
    }
   }
   
   //读取数据
   InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
   reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, DEF_CHATSET));
   String strRead = null;
   while ((strRead = reader.readLine()) != null) {
    sb.append(strRead);
   }
   rs = sb.toString();
   
  } catch (IOException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  } finally {
   if (reader != null) {
    reader.close();
   }
   if (conn != null) {
    conn.disconnect();
   }
  }
  return rs;
 }
 
 
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
  
  String domain="http://api.xiaocongjisuan.com/";
  String servlet="life/air/analysis";
  String method="get";
  
  String requestUrl=domain+servlet;
  Map<String,Object> params=new HashMap<String,Object>();
  params.put("appKey",APP_KEY);
  params.put("openId",OPEN_ID);

  //变动部分
  params.put("city","成都");
  
  
  String result=requestContent(requestUrl,params,method);
  System.out.println(result);
 }
}

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