Python程序中使用SQLAlchemy时出现乱码的解决方案

今天对clubot进行了升级, 但是导入数据后中文乱码, 一开是找资料说是在创建引擎的时候添加编码信息:

engine = create_engine("mysql://root:@localhost:3306/clubot?charset=utf8")

但是这并不行, 然后查看表信息:

> show create table clubot_members;
clubot_members | CREATE TABLE `clubot_members` (
 `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `email` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
 `nick` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
 `last_say` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
 `last_change` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
 `isonline` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `join_date` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`),
 UNIQUE KEY `nick` (`nick`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=20 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

发现原来创建表的时候用的latin1编码, 而老的表是用utf-8编码创建的, SQLAlchemy中并没有发现有创建表时指定指定编码的方法. 所以只能在MySQL本身来找:

> show VARIABLES like "character%%";
+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Variable_name      | Value            |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
| character_set_client   | utf8            |
| character_set_connection | utf8            |
| character_set_database  | latin1           |
| character_set_filesystem | binary           |
| character_set_results  | utf8            |
| character_set_server   | latin1           |
| character_set_system   | utf8            |
| character_sets_dir    | /data/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

> show create database clubot;
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                          |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| clubot  | CREATE DATABASE `clubot` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

发现 MySQL默认的和数据库都是latin1的编码, 所以更改数据库配置

vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf      # MySQL配置文件在Ubuntu上的位置, 其他系统可能有差异

分别在[client] [mysqld]下添加

default-character-set = utf8

这时重启MySQL居然起不来, 说default-character-set是无效的变量, 查看MySQL版本发现是5.5, 找资料说5.5的服务端编码设置变量是character-set-server, 所以将[mysqld]上的default-character-set = utf8改为 character-set-server = utf8, 并重启MySQL

然后更改数据库编码:

alter database clubot character set utf8;

删除新建的表, 并重新导入数据中文就正常了

> use clubot;

> drop table clubot_status;

> drop table clubot_infos;

> drop table clubot_history;

> drop table clubot_members;