详解Spring配置事务的五种方式

皇甫俊雅

2023-03-14

本文向大家介绍详解Spring配置事务的五种方式，包括了详解Spring配置事务的五种方式的使用技巧和注意事项，需要的朋友参考一下

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是 DataSource 、TransactionManager 和 代理机制 这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
<bean id="sessionFactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
</bean> 
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 
<!-- 配置DAO --> 
<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 
<bean id="userDao"
  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> 
<!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> 
<property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" /> 
<!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
<property name="transactionAttributes"> 
<props> 
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
</props> 
</property> 
</bean> 
</beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
<bean id="sessionFactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
</bean> 
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 
<bean id="transactionBase"
   class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
   lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> 
<!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
<!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
<property name="transactionAttributes"> 
<props> 
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
</props> 
</property> 
</bean> 
<!-- 配置DAO --> 
<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 
<bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" > 
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> 
</bean> 
</beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
<bean id="sessionFactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
</bean> 
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 
<bean id="transactionInterceptor"
  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor"> 
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
<!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
<property name="transactionAttributes"> 
<props> 
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
</props> 
</property> 
</bean> 
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator"> 
<property name="beanNames"> 
<list> 
<value>*Dao</value> 
</list> 
</property> 
<property name="interceptorNames"> 
<list> 
<value>transactionInterceptor</value> 
</list> 
</property> 
</bean> 
<!-- 配置DAO --> 
<bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 
</beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 
<context:annotation-config /> 
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> 
<bean id="sessionFactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
</bean> 
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> 
<tx:attributes> 
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> 
</tx:attributes> 
</tx:advice> 
<aop:config> 
<aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
   expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /> 
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
   pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" /> 
</aop:config> 
</beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 
<context:annotation-config /> 
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> 
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> 
<bean id="sessionFactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
</bean> 
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 
</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.mktao.spring.dao; 
import java.util.List; 
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; 
import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User; 
@Transactional
@Component("userDao") 
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao { 
public List<User> listUsers() { 
return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list(); 
 } 
... 
}

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持小牛知识库。

详解Spring配置事务的五种方式

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